1. Old Testament, Genesis 25:12–18 Toledot of Ishmael (genealogy)
3.F. Bacon, Essays, On the Studies.
4. Old Testament, Ecclesiastes II-8
5. Irvin Cemil Schick, Türk Matbuatında Hüsn-i Hat Literatürüne Toplu bir Bakış TALİD, 7(14),
6. History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
7 . www.pathsofjordan.net/ The Nabataean script: a bridge between the Aramaic and the Arabic alphabets
8. https://www.islamic-awareness.org/ history/islam/inscriptions/faw
9, History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
10. Monuments · The Kufic Script: Form Follows Function · CB 51 Omeka
11. W. Wordsworth, Yök, Mektepler ve ilme dair,
12History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
*13. A_Handbook_of_Early_Arabic_Kufic_Script (1).pdf
14 Art of Qur`an
14. Was a woman the first editor of the Qur’an? – Medievalists.net
15. Blair, S. Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2006
16. “İslam Kültür Mirasında Hat Sanatı” (The Art of Calligraphy in Islamic Cultural Heritage), written by Nihad M. Çetin and published by IRCICA.