1. Old Testament, Genesis 25:12–18 Toledot of Ishmael (genealogy)
3. Old Testament, Ecclesiastes II-8
4. Irvin Cemil Schkick, Turk Matbuatında Hüsn-i Hat Literatürüne Toplu bir Bakış TALİD, 7(14),
5. History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
3.
7. Monuments · The Kufic Script: Form Follows Function · CB 51 Omeka