Footnotes for chapter one
*1 . Şahin Uçar. Dîvân, Tevhid Kasidesi, Şule YY. istanbul 2012
*2. Muhammed Antakî / el Vecîz fî Fıkh ül-Lüga Darü’ş-Şark Neşriyat, 1969 25-27
*3. Mehmed el-Antaki, el-Veciz fi Fıkhü’l-Lüga, , p 55
*4. Saul Kripke, Naming and necessity
*5. Old Testament . Genesis II, 13-14.
*7. Dunja Rašić on the Science of the Letters and the Art of Ibn ʿArabī | IOSOTR
Footnotes for chapter two
*1. The Bible, Corinthians, 13,11 “Videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate: tunc autem facie ad faciem. Nunc cognosco ex parte: tunc autem cognoscam sicut et cognitus sum.”
*2. Donald Hofmann
*3. Şahin Uçar, İnsan, Varlık ve Zaman
*4. Old Testament, Ecclesiastes, 8
5 Alfred Korzybski, Science and Sanity
6. Sextus Empiricus. Against the Logicians trans. R.G. Bury (Loeb edn) (London: W. Heinemann, 1935) p. 179
*7, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, a study in human nature, Gifford Lectures, Edinburgh, 1901-1902, New American Library, 1958
*8. Şahin Uçar, Insanin Yeryüzü Macerasi, Tarih Üzerine, Şule yy. İstanbul 2011
9. Will Durant The Lessons of History,
10 Carl L. Becker
11. Will Durant, the Lessons of history
12 The Quest of for Meaning Throughout Time
13. Creating the Qur`an p.38
14. Carl Becker weblinki
15. Aviezer Tucker
Footnotes for chapter three
1. Old Testament, Genesis 25:12–18 Toledot of Ishmael (genealogy)
3.F. Bacon, Essays, On the Studies.
4. Old Testament, Ecclesiastes II-8
5. Irvin Cemil Schick, Türk Matbuatında Hüsn-i Hat Literatürüne Toplu bir Bakış TALİD, 7(14),
6. History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
7 . www.pathsofjordan.net/ The Nabataean script: a bridge between the Aramaic and the Arabic alphabets
8. https://www.islamic-awareness.org/ history/islam/inscriptions/faw
9, History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
10. Monuments · The Kufic Script: Form Follows Function · CB 51 Omeka
11. W. Wordsworth, Yök, Mektepler ve ilme dair,
12History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
*13. A_Handbook_of_Early_Arabic_Kufic_Script (1).pdf
14. Art of Qur`an
16. Art of Qur`an, Was a woman the first editor of the Qur’an. https://www.medievalists.net/2023/06/woman-editor-quran/
17. Blair, S. Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2006
18. N. Abbott, The Rise Of The North Arabic Script And Its Kur’anic Development, 1939, op. cit., p. 17.
19. “İslam Kültür Mirasında Hat Sanatı” (The Art of Calligraphy in Islamic Cultural Heritage), written by Nihad M. Çetin and published by IRCICA.
20. N. Abbott, The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Kur’anic Development, 1939, op. cit., pp. 18-19.
21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthmanic_codex
22. Ibni Nedim, el Fihrist
22.Alain George, `The Qurʾan, Calligraphy, and the Early Civilization of Islam`, p.109. A companion to Islamic art and architecture : from the Mongols to modernism, Edited by Finbarr Barry Flood and Gülru Necipoğlu, 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 109
23.Oldest Quran Manuscripts/ https://qurantalkblog.com/2023/09/04/oldest-quran-manuscripts
24. T. Altikulaç, Hz. Osman’a Nisbet Edilen Mushaf– I Şerîf (Kahire El-Meşhedü’l-Hüseynî Nüshası), 2009, Volume I,
25. S. al-Munajjid, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Khatt al-ʿArabī Mundhu Bidayatihi ilā Nihayat al-ʿAsr al-Umawi (French Title: Etudes De Paleographie Arabe), 1972
26.SamarkandKuficQuran.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_Kufic_Quran
28. from metropolitan-museum-of-art. *28 https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/masterpieces-from-the-department-of-islamic-art-in-the-metropolitan-museum-of-art
29. Topkapi manuscript: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topkapi_manuscript
30. Codex Mashhad /https://codexmashhad.com/en/home/#:~:text=It%20consists%20of%20two%20ancient%20Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic%20manuscripts%20numbered,folios%20containing%20over%2095%25%20of%20the%20Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic%20text.
31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_manuscript Sanaa manuscript/
32. https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/alisanaa The “Qur’an Of Ali b. Abi Talib”
33. George, A 2009, ‘Calligraphy, Colour and Light in the Blue Qur’an’, Journal of Qur’anic Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 75-125. https://doi.org/10.3366/E146535910900059X
34. S. al-Munajjid, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Khatt al-ʿArabī Mundhu Bidayatihi ilā Nihayat al-ʿAsr al-Umawi
Footnotes for chapter four
1, Adolf Grohmann, Arabische palaeographie, Wien : Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1971
2.Alain George, `The Qurʾan, Calligraphy, and the Early Civilization of Islam`, p.109. A companion to Islamic art and architecture : from the Mongols to modernism, Edited by Finbarr Barry Flood and Gülru Necipoğlu, 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p.109
3 Encyclopedia britannica – Arabic, Scripts, Art | Britannica
4 Alain George, The Rise of Islamic Calligraphy, Lebanon, 2010, p.55
5. Alaın George,The Rise of Islamic Calligraphy, p.56
6. Joumana Medlej. From her website Mejnoune.com
7. University of Michigan Library online Sacred Hands | The Qur’an: Early transcription ·
https://apps.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/sacred-hands/early-qur-anic-transcription
8. Calligraphy – Arabic, Scripts, Art | Britannica
9. George, Alain (2017), “The Qurʾan, Calligraphy, and the Early Civilization of Islam”, A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 109–129,
10. Endülüs ve Mağrib”te Kufi Hattının Tarihi Gelişimi. Abdülkadir YILMAZ https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/28715 p.135 28715
11, ACAS, https://calligraphylanka.org/calligraphy-style/kufi-script/
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GhaznavidsGhaznavids –
13. https://blog.islamdusunceatlasi.org/sanat/tiraz/
14. Tan, Enis Timuçin (1999). “A Study of Kufic Script in Islamic Calligraphy and Its relevance to Turkish Graphic Art Using Latin Fonts in the late twentieth century”: 42. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-Kufic
15. Arabic inscriptions and pseudo ınscription ın Italian art
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiex8-e2vaPAxUZVfEDHU_TBwgQFnoECBcQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F332395213_Arabic_inscriptions_and_pseudo-inscriptions_in_Italian_art%2Ffulltext%2F5cb18b624585156cd7943b25%2FArabic-inscriptions-and-pseudo-inscriptions-in-Italian-art.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1Gv1a5ZYE5YD4jUpbJLjTL&opi=89978449
16. “Tarih Felsefesi Açısından Mülk ve Hilafet [Sovereignty and Caliphate from the Perspective of the Philosophy of History] fourth edition by Şûle yy. Istanbul, July, 2011
***George, A. (2003). The geometry of the Qurʾān of Amājūr: A preliminary study of pro portion in early Islamic calligraphy. Muqarnas, XX, 1–15.