Footnotes for chapter one
*1 . Şahin Uçar. Dîvân, Tevhid Kasidesi, Şule YY. istanbul 2012
*2. https://www.islamicoccult.org/dunja_rasic/ Dunja Rašić on the Science of the Letters and the Art of Ibn ʿArabī The World Of God’ The Cosmic Script And The Art of Ibni Arabi | IOSOTR
*3. Dunja Rašić on the Science of the Letters and the Art of Ibn ʿArabī | IOSOTR
footnotes for chapter two
1. Old Testament, Genesis 25:12–18 Toledot of Ishmael (genealogy)
3.F. Bacon, Essays, On the Studies.
4. Old Testament, Ecclesiastes II-8
5. Irvin Cemil Schick, Türk Matbuatında Hüsn-i Hat Literatürüne Toplu bir Bakış TALİD, 7(14),
6. History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
7 . www.pathsofjordan.net/ The Nabataean script: a bridge between the Aramaic and the Arabic alphabets
8. https://www.islamic-awareness.org/ history/islam/inscriptions/faw
9, History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
10. Monuments · The Kufic Script: Form Follows Function · CB 51 Omeka
11. W. Wordsworth, Yök, Mektepler ve ilme dair,
12History of the Arabic alphabet – Wikipedia
*13. A_Handbook_of_Early_Arabic_Kufic_Script (1).pdf
14. Art of Qur`an
16. Blair, S. Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2006
17. N. Abbott, The Rise Of The North Arabic Script And Its Kur’anic Development, 1939, op. cit., p. 17.
18. “İslam Kültür Mirasında Hat Sanatı” (The Art of Calligraphy in Islamic Cultural Heritage), written by Nihad M. Çetin and published by IRCICA.
19. N. Abbott, The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Kur’anic Development, 1939, op. cit., pp. 18-19.
20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthmanic_codex
21. Ibni Nedim, el Fihrist
22.Alain George, `The Qurʾan, Calligraphy, and the Early Civilization of Islam`, p.109. A companion to Islamic art and architecture : from the Mongols to modernism, Edited by Finbarr Barry Flood and Gülru Necipoğlu, 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p
23.Oldest Quran Manuscripts/ https://qurantalkblog.com/2023/09/04/oldest-quran-manuscripts
24. T. Altikulaç, Hz. Osman’a Nisbet Edilen Mushaf– I Şerîf (Kahire El-Meşhedü’l-Hüseynî Nüshası), 2009, Volume I,
25. S. al-Munajjid, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Khatt al-ʿArabī Mundhu Bidayatihi ilā Nihayat al-ʿAsr al-Umawi (French Title: Etudes De Paleographie Arabe), 1972
26.SamarkandKuficQuran.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_Kufic_Quran
28. from metropolitan-museum-of-art. *28 https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/masterpieces-from-the-department-of-islamic-art-in-the-metropolitan-museum-of-art
29. Topkapi manuscript: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topkapi_manuscript
30. Codex Mashhad /https://codexmashhad.com/en/home/#:~:text=It%20consists%20of%20two%20ancient%20Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic%20manuscripts%20numbered,folios%20containing%20over%2095%25%20of%20the%20Qur%CA%BE%C4%81nic%20text.
31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_manuscript Sanaa manuscript/
32. https://www.islamic-awareness.org/quran/text/mss/alisanaa The “Qur’an Of Ali b. Abi Talib”
33. S. al-Munajjid, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Khatt al-ʿArabī Mundhu Bidayatihi ilā Nihayat al-ʿAsr al-Umawi
Footnotes for chapter three
1..Alain George, `The Qurʾan, Calligraphy, and the Early Civilization of Islam`, p.109. A companion to Islamic art and architecture : from the Mongols to modernism, Edited by Finbarr Barry Flood and Gülru Necipoğlu, 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p